Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors (obesity, high blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol and high blood sugar) that are associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The metabolic syndrome is thought to be caused by both genetic factors and lifestyle factors such as being overweight and physically inactive. It is a common condition in Americans. Having the metabolic syndrome, because it is comprised of several major risks for cardiovascular disease, puts you at high risk for heart attack, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease as well as diabetes. However, the good news is that it is very treatable. Although scientists and medical professionals are working to refine the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, the criteria below are currently used by the American Heart Association and the National Institutes of Health as part of national guidelines to determine preventive therapy.
Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed by the presence of at least 3 of the following 5 criteria:
1. Increased waist size (>35 inches for women and >40 inches for men)
2. High blood triglycerides (the fat in the blood) >150 mg/dl
3. Low HDL/good cholesterol (<40 mg/dl in men and <50mg/dl in women)
4. High blood pressure (>130/85)
5. High fasting glucose (>100)
Metabolic syndrome can be prevented or treated with positive lifestyle choices:
1. 
Managing weight: Weight loss is the mainstay of therapy. A waist circumference of 35 inches or less for women, and 40 inches or less for men is a desirable goal. Decrease your total calorie intake while increasing physical activity level is recommended by your healthcare provider.
2. 
Regular physical activity: Discuss an exercise program with your healthcare provider. If medically clear to exercise, aim to get regular physical activity at least 30min everyday. Exercise does not have to be intense to be helpful. Brisk walking on a regular basis can help with weight management and improve blood pressure and cholesterol levels. To achieve weight loss 60 to 90 mins of low to moderate intensity exercise (eg. Brisk walking) per day is recommended.
3. 
Heart-healthy diet: Limit intake of saturated fats, trans fat (found mostly in processed foods), cholesterol, added sugar and salt. Consume a well balanced diet that includes whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
4.
Know your numbers: Ask your health care professional to check for the risk factors for the metabolic syndrome listed above. Follow his or her recommendations on appropriate treatment if necessary.
